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Home/Compounds/Kisspeptin
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Kisspeptin

Also known as: Kisspeptin-10 · Kisspeptin-54 · Metastin

Master regulator of reproductive hormones, stimulates natural GnRH release.

B
Grade B
Human observational studies
Human studies28
PubMed citations30
Typical dose1 mg – 10 mg
Routesubcutaneous, intravenous
Regulatory (US)Compounding legal
Last verified2 days ago
TL;DR · 30-second summary
  • Potent stimulation of LH/FSH release
  • Maintains physiological GnRH pulsatility
  • Potential alternative to hCG in fertility
  • Does not cause receptor desensitization

Mechanism of action

Neuropeptide that activates GnRH neurons in hypothalamus. Master switch for puberty and reproductive function. Stimulates LH and FSH release through physiological GnRH pulsatility.

Evidence summary

28
Human studies
30
PubMed citations
25
Clinical trials
B
Evidence grade

Human studies confirm potent LH/FSH stimulation. Being developed for IVF and hypogonadism. Maintains natural pulsatility unlike GnRH agonists.

Dosing protocols

Educational information only. Consult a licensed provider before using any peptide.
Dose range
1 mg – 10 mg

1-10mcg/kg IV or subcutaneous. Kisspeptin-10 most commonly used. Dosing varies by indication.

Administration routes
subcutaneousintravenous

Side effects & safety

Reported side effects
FlushingHeadacheGenerally well tolerated
Contraindications
  • Hormone-sensitive cancers
  • Pregnancy

Interactions

No documented drug interactions on file.

Regulatory status

United States
Not FDA approved

Investigational - clinical trials ongoing

Compounding
Permitted

Available through compounding pharmacies with valid prescription.

Regulatory data last verified 4/17/2026

Clinical trials

NCT05971836The Molecular Basis of Inherited Reproductive DisordersActive Not Recruiting · Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism · n=600NCT07224490Kisspeptin to Quantify GnRH Neuronal Function in Health and DiseaseRecruiting · Phase 1 · Reproductive Disorder · n=40NCT06501729Potential Effect of Oral Kissing Between Two People Against the Decrease in pHCompleted · N/A · Dental Caries · n=45NCT06793098Assessment of the Concentrations of Functional Proteins as Potential Early Markers of Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary SyndromeRecruiting · Reproductive Age · n=100NCT05901467Recall by Genotype: Neuropeptide StimulationTerminated · Phase 1 · Reproductive Disorder · n=16NCT04958109Evaluation of Kisspeptin Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion With Oral Glucose Tolerance TestCompleted · Phase 1 · Metabolic Diseases · n=16NCT04648969Prolonged Pulsatile Kisspeptin Administration in Hypogonadotropic HypogonadismCompleted · Phase 2 · Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism · n=18NCT03877939Detection of Kisspeptins and miRNAs in Patients With Non-viable PregnancyCompleted · Non-Viable Pregnancy · n=433NCT07224438Kisspeptin Administration Subcutaneously to Patients With Hypothalamic AmenorrheaRecruiting · Phase 2 · Hypothalamic Amenorrhea · n=20NCT05971849Dampening the Reproductive Axis With Continuous KisspeptinCompleted · Phase 1 · Reproductive Disorder · n=8NCT05633966Kisspeptin Administration Subcutaneously to Patients With Reproductive DisordersCompleted · Phase 1 · Hypothalamic Amenorrhea · n=13NCT05896293Kisspeptin Administration Subcutaneously to Patients With Reproductive DisordersRecruiting · Phase 2 · Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism · n=36

Showing 12 of 25 indexed studies. View all on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Citations

PMID 38265397Velmurugan H, Mannava AS et al. · Kisspeptin and its Current Clinical Status-A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry (2025)HumanPMID 40189467Bakker J · Can kisspeptin be a new treatment for sexual dysfunction?Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM (2025)HumanPMID 40446957Stoynev N, Kumanov P · Kisspeptin system-physiology and clinical perspectives.Annales d'endocrinologie (2025)HumanPMID 39151001Wu Z, Chen G et al. · Structural basis for the ligand recognition and G protein subtype selectivity of kisspeptin receptor.Science advances (2024)HumanPMID 38099429Rezaei-Tazangi F, Kooshesh L et al. · Effects of kisspeptin on the maturation of human ovarian primordial follicles in vitro.Zygote (Cambridge, England) (2024)HumanPMID 38978171Colpaert T, Risseeuw M et al. · [Not Available].Biomedical chromatography : BMC (2024)HumanPMID 38589425Pratama G, Wiweko B et al. · Mechanism of elevated LH/FSH ratio in lean PCOS revisited: a path analysis.Scientific reports (2024)HumanPMID 36818240Akad M, Socolov D et al. · Treatments in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Effects on Kisspeptin Serum Levels.Maedica (2023)PMID 37105233Zhang J, Jin L et al. · Physiological and pathological roles of locally expressed kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) (2023)HumanPMID 37798396Santos LC, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM et al. · Kisspeptin treatment reverses high prolactin levels and improves gonadal function in hypothyroid male rats.Scientific reports (2023)HumanPMID 36413854Tsoutsouki J, Abbara A et al. · Novel therapeutic avenues for kisspeptin.Current opinion in pharmacology (2022)HumanPMID 34970798Seminara SB, Topaloglu AK · Review of human genetic and clinical studies directly relevant to GnRH signalling.Journal of neuroendocrinology (2022)HumanPMID 34210598Abbara A, Clarke SA et al. · Clinical Potential of Kisspeptin in Reproductive Health.Trends in molecular medicine (2022)HumanPMID 35606759Hu KL, Chen Z et al. · Advances in clinical applications of kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in female reproduction.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E (2022)HumanPMID 35837314Xie Q, Kang Y et al. · The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction.Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)HumanPMID 33273729Mills EG, Izzi-Engbeaya C et al. · Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour.Nature reviews. Endocrinology (2021)HumanPMID 32152912Ly T, Harihar S et al. · KISS1 in metastatic cancer research and treatment: potential and paradoxes.Cancer metastasis reviews (2021)HumanPMID 31869839Hunjan T, Abbara A · Clinical Translational Studies of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B.Seminars in reproductive medicine (2020)HumanPMID 32409274Watanabe T, Sato K · Roles of the kisspeptin/GPR54 system in pathomechanisms of atherosclerosis.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD (2020)HumanPMID 29713310Dudek M, Ziarniak K et al. · Kisspeptin and Metabolism: The Brain and Beyond.Frontiers in endocrinology (2019)Human

Showing 20 of 30 papers. View all on PubMed →