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Home/Compounds/Pramlintide
GLP-1 agonistFDA approvedRx required

Pramlintide

Also known as: Symlin
Brands: Symlin

Synthetic amylin analog used with mealtime insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

A
Grade A
Multiple human RCTs
Human studies27
PubMed citations27
Routesubcutaneous
Regulatory (US)FDA approved · Rx
Last verified2 days ago

Mechanism of action

Synthetic analog of human amylin (IAPP). Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, and promotes satiety.

Evidence summary

27
Human studies
27
PubMed citations
25
Clinical trials
A
Evidence grade

Evidence summary in progress. See the citations section below for the underlying research papers.

Dosing protocols

Educational information only. Consult a licensed provider before using any peptide.
Administration routes
subcutaneous

Side effects & safety

From the FDA label
Source
abdominal painarthralgiadizzinessfatigueheadachehypoglycemianauseapancreatitisvomiting

Terms pulled directly from the referenced source. We don't fabricate frequencies — when a label doesn't publish a percentage, we don't either.

Interactions

No documented drug interactions on file.

Regulatory status

United States
FDA approved

FDA approved for type 1 and type 2 diabetes as mealtime adjunct to insulin (Symlin)

Compounding
Not permitted

Not available via 503A/503B compounding pharmacies.

Regulatory data last verified 4/19/2026

Clinical trials

NCT06619015The Impact of Pramlintide on Top of Semaglutide in Obese People With PrediabetesWithdrawn · Phase 2 · ObesityNCT07506369Pancreatic Polypeptide as a Modulator of Amylin- Induced Satiety in Healthy HumansRecruiting · N/A · Obesity & Overweight · n=18NCT06422325A Crossover Study to Evaluate Insulin/Pramlintide Versus Insulin Alone Delivery StrategyCompleted · N/A · Type 1 Diabetes · n=33NCT07340788Amylin-Induced Migraine Attacks Without Aura: A Randomized Clinical TrialNot Yet Recruiting · N/A · Headache Disorders, Primary · n=21NCT07340775Hypersensitivity to Amylin in Post-Traumatic Headache: A Randomized Clinical TrialNot Yet Recruiting · N/A · Headache Disorders, Secondary · n=21NCT03560960Multi-Center Development of a Novel Diagnostic Test for Alzheimer's DiseaseActive Not Recruiting · Phase 1 · Alzheimer Disease · n=57NCT06046417A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial to Assess a Fully Automated, Dual-hormone (Insulin-and-pramlintide) Delivery System Without Carbohydrate Counting in Regulating Glucose Levels in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Recruiting · Phase 2 · type1diabetes · n=30NCT04074317A Phase 2, Single-Dose, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Crossover, Pharmacodynamic, and Pharmacokinetic Comparative Study of a Novel Pramlintide-Insulin Co-Formulation in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes MellitusCompleted · Phase 2 · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 · n=18NCT06186063The Role of Amylin in Bone MetabolismUnknown · N/A · Bone Diseases, Metabolic · n=20NCT05199714A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Pilot Trial to Assess a Fully Automated, Dual-hormone (Insulin-and-pramlintide) Artificial Pancreas Without Carbohydrate Counting in Regulating Glucose Levels in Adults With Type 1 DiabetesCompleted · N/A · Type 1 Diabetes · n=12NCT01841359Pramlintide (Symlin) for the Treatment of Hypoglycemia Following Gastric Bypass SurgeryCompleted · Phase 4 · Hypoglycemia · n=22NCT04252612Biological Outcomes of Pramlintide in Resectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot StudyWithdrawn · Phase 1 · Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Showing 12 of 25 indexed studies. View all on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Citations

PMID 41708975Secher A, Lutz TA et al. · The story of amylin: from physiology to therapy.Nature metabolism (2026)HumanPMID 40360789Walker CS, Aitken JF et al. · Amylin: emergent therapeutic opportunities in overweight, obesity and diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology (2025)HumanPMID 39998445Apostolopoulou M, Lambadiari V et al. · Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.Endocrine reviews (2025)HumanPMID 39884261Cengiz E, Danne T et al. · International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Insulin and Adjunctive Treatments in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes.Hormone research in paediatrics (2025)HumanPMID 41207308Muskiet MHA, Nardone M et al. · Amylin and the renin-angiotensin system: risk or opportunity in amylin-based therapy?Lancet (London, England) (2025)HumanPMID 37863489Kommera SP, Kumar A et al. · Pramlintide an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy: Challenges and Recent Progress in Delivery.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics (2024)HumanPMID 39317404Panou T, Gouveri E et al. · Amylin analogs for the treatment of obesity without diabetes: present and future.Expert review of clinical pharmacology (2024)HumanPMID 38338796Eržen S, Tonin G et al. · Amylin, Another Important Neuroendocrine Hormone for the Treatment of Diabesity.International journal of molecular sciences (2024)HumanPMID 34929674Dehestani B, Stratford NR et al. · Amylin as a Future Obesity Treatment.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome (2022)HumanPMID 36108978Klempel N, Thomas K et al. · Alpha-cells and therapy of diabetes: Inhibition, antagonism or death?Peptides (2022)HumanPMID 34852745Corrigan RR, Piontkivska H et al. · Amylin Pharmacology in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment.Current neuropharmacology (2022)HumanPMID 34288673Kruse T, Hansen JL et al. · Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue.Journal of medicinal chemistry (2021)HumanPMID 32008883Dowarah J, Singh VP · Anti-diabetic drugs recent approaches and advancements.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry (2021)HumanPMID 34715595Lima LMTR, Icart LP · Amyloidogenicity of peptides targeting diabetes and obesity.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (2021)HumanPMID 32111883Mousa YM, Abdallah IM et al. · Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts.Scientific reports (2020)HumanPMID 29233636Mietlicki-Baase EG · Amylin in Alzheimer's disease: Pathological peptide or potential treatment?Neuropharmacology (2019)HumanPMID 26424675Hieronymus L, Griffin S · Role of Amylin in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.The Diabetes educator (2017)HumanPMID 26071095Hay DL, Chen S et al. · Amylin: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Clinical Potential.Pharmacological reviews (2016)HumanPMID 25590213Domecq JP, Prutsky G et al. · Clinical review: Drugs commonly associated with weight change: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2015)HumanPMID 21564002Younk LM, Mikeladze M et al. · Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy (2011)Human

Showing 20 of 27 papers. View all on PubMed →