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Home/Compounds/Somatropin (rhGH)
Growth hormoneFDA approvedRx required

Somatropin (rhGH)

Also known as: Humatrope · Genotropin · Norditropin · Saizen · Omnitrope · Nutropin · Zomacton
Brands: Humatrope · Genotropin · Norditropin · Saizen · Omnitrope · Nutropin · Zomacton

Recombinant human growth hormone; identical to endogenous 191-amino-acid GH. Multiple FDA-approved brands.

A
Grade A
Multiple human RCTs
Human studies28
PubMed citations28
Routesubcutaneous
Regulatory (US)FDA approved · Rx
Last verified2 days ago

Mechanism of action

Identical sequence to pituitary GH. Binds GH receptor in liver and peripheral tissues to drive IGF-1 production and direct anabolic effects.

Evidence summary

28
Human studies
28
PubMed citations
25
Clinical trials
A
Evidence grade

Evidence summary in progress. See the citations section below for the underlying research papers.

Dosing protocols

Educational information only. Consult a licensed provider before using any peptide.
Administration routes
subcutaneous

Side effects & safety

From the FDA label
Source
abdominal painarthralgiaheadacheinjection site prurituspancreatitispruritus

Terms pulled directly from the referenced source. We don't fabricate frequencies — when a label doesn't publish a percentage, we don't either.

Interactions

No documented drug interactions on file.

Regulatory status

United States
FDA approved

FDA approved for pediatric growth hormone deficiency, adult GHD, Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi, SGA, short bowel syndrome, HIV-associated wasting, and others

Compounding
Not permitted

Not available via 503A/503B compounding pharmacies.

Regulatory data last verified 4/19/2026

Clinical trials

NCT06803589Low-dose Growth Hormone for the Treatment of GastroparesisRecruiting · Phase 1 · Gastroparesis · n=10NCT07016802A Phase I, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo and Active-controlled Study of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of GenSci134 Injection in Healthy Adults, and a Single Ascending Dose in Patients With Adult Growth Hormone DeficiencyRecruiting · Phase 1 · Safety · n=64NCT01314508Increlex Treatment of Children With Chronic Liver Disease and Short StatureWithdrawn · N/A · Growth FailureNCT05250063A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Growth and Safety of LUM-201 Following 12 Months of Daily rhGH Treatment in Children With Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency Who Have Previously Completed the LUM-201-01 TrialCompleted · Phase 2 · Growth Hormone Deficiency · n=16NCT05230550Post-Marketing Surveillance (Special Use-results Surveillance on Long-term Use) With Sogroya® A Multi-centre, Prospective, Open Label, Single-arm, Observational, Non-interventional Post-marketing Study to Investigate the Long-term Safety and Clinical Parameters of Sogroya® Therapy in Patients With Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (AGHD) (Only Severe Case) Under Normal Clinical Practice Conditions in JapanActive Not Recruiting · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency · n=200NCT05718570A Multi-national, Multi-centre, Prospective, Single-arm, Observational, Non-interventional Post-authorisation Safety Study to Investigate Long-term Safety of Sogroya® (Somapacitan) in Adults With Growth Hormone Deficiency (AGHD) Under Routine Clinical PracticeEnrolling By Invitation · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency · n=400NCT04867317CSP #2018 - Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) and Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (AGHD)Recruiting · Phase 3 · Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency · n=172NCT07221851A Pivotal, Parallel-Arm, Phase 3, Open-Label, Active-controlled, Global, Multicenter, Randomized Basket Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Once-weekly Lonapegsomatropin Compared to Daily Somatropin in Prepubertal Children and Adolescents With Growth Failure or Short Stature Due to Growth Hormone Sufficient Disorders - Turner Syndrome, SHOX Deficiency, Small for Gestational Age, and Idiopathic Short StatureRecruiting · Phase 3 · Turner Syndrome · n=186NCT07037420A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Dose Range-finding, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of ALXN2420, a Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist, Administered Subcutaneously in Combination With Somatostatin Analogs in Adult Participants With AcromegalyRecruiting · Phase 2 · Acromegaly · n=60NCT06709040A Non-interventional, Observational, Registry-based Study to Investigate Long-term Safety and Clinical Parameters of Somapacitan Treatment in Paediatric Patients With Growth Hormone Deficiency During Routine Clinical PracticeEnrolling By Invitation · Growth Hormone Deficiency · n=500NCT00663611Growth Hormone Administration and the Human Immune SystemCompleted · Phase 1 · Healthy Volunteers · n=66NCT06948214A Multicenter, 12-Month, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety Study of Daily Oral LUM-201 in Naïve-to-Treatment, Prepubertal Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)Recruiting · Phase 3 · Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) · n=150

Showing 12 of 25 indexed studies. View all on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Citations

PMID 39922928González L, Gonzalez-Riano C et al. · Effect of rhGH treatment on lipidome and brown fat activity in prepuberal small for gestational age children: a pilot study.Scientific reports (2025)HumanPMID 39371577Lämmer C, Backeljauw P et al. · Growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome: safety and effectiveness data from the PATRO Children study.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism (2024)HumanPMID 37236413Mameli C, Orso M et al. · Efficacy, safety, quality of life, adherence and cost-effectiveness of long-acting growth hormone replacement therapy compared to daily growth hormone in children with growth hormone deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pharmacological research (2023)HumanPMID 32973992Beck-Peccoz P, Höybye C et al. · Malignancy risk in adults with growth hormone deficiency undergoing long-term treatment with biosimilar somatropin (Omnitrope®): data from the PATRO Adults study.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism (2022)HumanPMID 36102184Maghnie M, Ranke MB et al. · Safety and Efficacy of Pediatric Growth Hormone Therapy: Results From the Full KIGS Cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2022)HumanPMID 36062966Miller BS, Blair JC et al. · Weekly Somapacitan is Effective and Well Tolerated in Children With GH Deficiency: The Randomized Phase 3 REAL4 Trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2022)HumanPMID 34104396Walczak M, Szalecki M et al. · Long-term follow up of carbohydrate metabolism and adverse events after termination of Omnitrope® treatment in children born small for gestational age.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism (2022)HumanPMID 35417909Horikawa R, Tanaka T et al. · Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Somatrogon Compared with Once-Daily Somatropin (Genotropin®) in Japanese Children with Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency: Results from a Randomized Phase 3 Study.Hormone research in paediatrics (2022)HumanPMID 33864240Papathanasiou T, Agersø H et al. · Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Once-Daily Growth Hormone Norditropin® in Children and Adults.Clinical pharmacokinetics (2021)HumanPMID 32814319Pfäffle R, Bidlingmaier M et al. · Safety and Effectiveness of Omnitrope®, a Biosimilar Recombinant Human Growth Hormone: More Than 10 Years' Experience from the PATRO Children Study.Hormone research in paediatrics (2021)HumanPMID 32507990Arosio M, Arnaldi G et al. · Safety and effectiveness of Omnitrope® in patients with growth hormone deficiency: snapshot analysis of PATRO Adults study in the Italian population.Journal of endocrinological investigation (2021)HumanPMID 32557273Iughetti L, Antoniazzi F et al. · Safety and effectiveness of a somatropin biosimilar in children requiring growth hormone treatment: second analysis of the PATRO Children study Italian cohort.Journal of endocrinological investigation (2021)HumanPMID 31829160Beck-Peccoz P, Höybye C et al. · No increased risk of glucose metabolism disorders in adults with growth hormone deficiency undergoing long-term treatment with biosimilar somatropin (Omnitrope®): data from an observational, longitudinal study.BMC endocrine disorders (2020)HumanPMID 30836359Rohrer TR, Ceplis-Kastner S et al. · Needle-Free and Needle-Based Growth Hormone Therapy in Children: A Pooled Analysis of Three Long-Term Observational Studies.Hormone research in paediatrics (2019)HumanPMID 30844762Michaelidou M, Whitten S et al. · Improved adherence and growth outcomes with jet-delivered growth hormone.Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM (2019)HumanPMID 26501737De Schepper J, Vanderfaeillie J et al. · A 2-year multicentre, open-label, randomized, controlled study of growth hormone (Genotropin®) treatment in very young children born small for gestational age: Early Growth and Neurodevelopment (EGN) Study.Clinical endocrinology (2016)HumanPMID 23632904Meinhardt U, Christiansen JS et al. · The efficacy and safety of long-term Norditropin® treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme (2014)HumanPMID 25258519Spoudeas HA, Bajaj P et al. · Maintaining persistence and adherence with subcutaneous growth-hormone therapy in children: comparing jet-delivery and needle-based devices.Patient preference and adherence (2014)HumanPMID 23662811Pawlikowska-Haddal A · Growth hormone therapy with norditropin ( somatropin ) in growth hormone deficiency.Expert opinion on biological therapy (2013)HumanPMID 21948492López-Siguero J, Borrás Pérez MV et al. · Long-term safety and efficacy of the recombinant human growth hormone Omnitrope® in the treatment of Spanish growth hormone deficient children: results of a phase III study.Advances in therapy (2012)Human

Showing 20 of 28 papers. View all on PubMed →