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Home/Compounds/Tirzepatide
GLP-1 agonistFDA approvedRx required

Tirzepatide

Also known as: Mounjaro · Zepbound
Brands: Mounjaro · Zepbound

Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes and weight management with superior efficacy.

A
Grade A
Multiple human RCTs
Human studies29
PubMed citations30
Typical dose2.5 mg – 15 mg
Routesubcutaneous
Regulatory (US)FDA approved · Rx
Last verified2 months ago
TL;DR · 30-second summary
  • Up to 22.5% body weight reduction in SURMOUNT-1
  • Superior to semaglutide 1mg in SURPASS-2
  • 91% of patients achieved >5% weight loss
  • Significant improvements in cardiometabolic markers

Mechanism of action

First-in-class dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor agonist, providing enhanced metabolic effects through dual incretin pathway activation.

Evidence summary

29
Human studies
30
PubMed citations
25
Clinical trials
A
Evidence grade

SURPASS and SURMOUNT trials demonstrated unprecedented weight loss (up to 22.5%) and HbA1c reduction. Shows superiority over semaglutide in head-to-head trials.

Dosing protocols

Educational information only. Consult a licensed provider before using any peptide.
Dose range
2.5 mg – 15 mg

Start at 2.5mg weekly for 4 weeks, then escalate every 4 weeks. Maintenance: 5-15mg weekly.

Administration routes
subcutaneous

Side effects & safety

From the FDA label
Source
abdominal painacute kidney injuryastheniaconstipationdehydrationdiabetic retinopathydiarrheadizzinessdyspepsiaeructationfatiguegastroesophageal reflux diseasehypoglycemiainjection site erythemainjection site paininjection site pruritusinjection site reactionnauseapancreatitispruritusrashvomiting

Terms pulled directly from the referenced source. We don't fabricate frequencies — when a label doesn't publish a percentage, we don't either.

Contraindications
  • Personal/family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
  • MEN2 syndrome
  • Pregnancy

Interactions

No documented drug interactions on file.

Regulatory status

United States
FDA approved

FDA approved for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and chronic weight management (Zepbound)

Compounding
Not permitted

Not available via 503A/503B compounding pharmacies.

Regulatory data last verified 4/17/2026

Clinical trials

NCT07027969Efficacy of Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Control Through Metabolic Surgery on Management and Severity of Atrial Fibrillation: METSAFE Randomized Clinical TrialNot Yet Recruiting · Phase 4 · Atrial Fibrillation · n=100NCT07165028A Master Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial of Multiple Pharmacologic Agents in Adult Participants With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Who Are at Increased Risk of Developing Major Adverse Liver OutcomesRecruiting · Phase 3 · Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease · n=4500NCT06937099A Phase 3b, Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Study of Mirikizumab and Placebo or Mirikizumab Concomitantly Administered With Tirzepatide in Adult Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease and Obesity or OverweightRecruiting · Phase 3 · Crohn's Disease · n=290NCT06857942A Phase 4, Prospective, Open-Label, Single Arm Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Tirzepatide After Initiation of Ixekizumab in Adult Participants With Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis and Obesity or Overweight in Clinical PracticeRecruiting · Phase 4 · Psoriasis · n=200NCT06897475A Parallel-Group Treatment, Phase 2, Double-Blind Study of Once-Weekly Subcutaneous LY3457263 Compared to Placebo in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on a Stable Dose of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide Who Failed to Achieve HbA1c GoalRecruiting · Phase 2 · Type 2 Diabetes · n=240NCT07247084A Phase 4 Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Interventional Study With Pragmatic Elements Investigating the Effectiveness of Tirzepatide Once Weekly Compared With Standard of Care in Adult Participants With Obesity and Without Diabetes in a Real-World SettingRecruiting · Phase 4 · Obesity · n=3000NCT06937086A Phase 3b, Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Study of Mirikizumab and Placebo or Mirikizumab Concomitantly Administered With Tirzepatide in Adult Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis and Obesity or OverweightRecruiting · Phase 3 · Ulcerative Colitis · n=350NCT07299084A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Fasting Duration and Temporary Withholding of Tirzepatide on Retained Gastric Contents Using Gastric Ultrasound in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Participants With Overweight or Obesity Without Type 2 Diabetes MellitusRecruiting · Phase 1 · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 · n=40NCT07154719GLP-1R Actions on Muscle and the SkeletonRecruiting · Phase 4 · Musculoskeletal Abnormalities · n=50NCT06467604CRAVE Study: Comparing Craving Responses and Diet Quality of GLP1 Receptor Agonist UsersActive Not Recruiting · Obesity · n=7NCT06811324The Effects of Tirzepatide Use on Muscle and Vascular Function Among Obese Older AdultsRecruiting · Phase 2 · Obesity Prevention · n=20NCT06326060Investigation of the Safety and Efficacy of Once Weekly NNC0519-0130 in Participants With Overweight or Obesity - a Dose Finding StudyCompleted · Phase 2 · Obesity · n=354

Showing 12 of 25 indexed studies. View all on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Citations

PMID 40186344Berg S, Stickle H et al. · Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity (2025)HumanPMID 40886075Krüger N, Schneeweiss S et al. · Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.JAMA (2025)HumanPMID 39751188Sumithran P, Russell AW et al. · Cardiovascular effects of tirzepatide.The Journal of endocrinology (2025)HumanPMID 40203836Ravussin E, Sanchez-Delgado G et al. · Tirzepatide did not impact metabolic adaptation in people with obesity, but increased fat oxidation.Cell metabolism (2025)HumanPMID 38976257Rodriguez PJ, Goodwin Cartwright BM et al. · Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity.JAMA internal medicine (2025)HumanPMID 38078870Aronne LJ, Sattar N et al. · Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA (2024)HumanPMID 38978621Corrao S, Pollicino C et al. · Tirzepatide against obesity and insulin-resistance: pathophysiological aspects and clinical evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology (2024)HumanPMID 39632534Hamza M, Papamargaritis D et al. · Tirzepatide for overweight and obesity management.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy (2024)HumanPMID 39133485Chuang MH, Chen JY et al. · Clinical Outcomes of Tirzepatide or GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.JAMA network open (2024)HumanPMID 38388874France NL, Syed YY · Tirzepatide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes.Drugs (2024)HumanPMID 38856224Loomba R, Hartman ML et al. · Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis.The New England journal of medicine (2024)HumanPMID 37940101Skelley JW, Swearengin K et al. · The impact of tirzepatide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on oral hormonal contraception.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA (2024)HumanPMID 36751934Gettman L · New Drug: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro™).The Senior care pharmacist (2023)HumanPMID 37385275Garvey WT, Frias JP et al. · Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.Lancet (London, England) (2023)HumanPMID 37253796Tan B, Pan XH et al. · Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for treatment of overweight or obesity. A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) (2023)HumanPMID 37786396Rosenstock J, Frías JP et al. · Tirzepatide vs Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-6 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA (2023)HumanPMID 37591245Campbell JE, Müller TD et al. · GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss-chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications.Cell metabolism (2023)HumanPMID 37151412Bosch C, Carriazo S et al. · Tirzepatide and prevention of chronic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal (2023)PMID 36750526Sinha R, Papamargaritis D et al. · Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Management.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome (2023)HumanPMID 37840095Wadden TA, Chao AM et al. · Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial.Nature medicine (2023)Human

Showing 20 of 30 papers. View all on PubMed →